The debate over death with dignity, also known as assisted suicide, will be reignited in Maryland this year, as state legislators plan to reintroduce the End-of-Life Option Act.
Despite growing acceptance of medically assisted suicide, a group representing more than 1,000 Orthodox rabbis came out against the practice, calling it “murder.”
In a recent statement, the Rabbinical Council of America said it “vehemently protests legalizing any pathway for killing the ill, since society thereby supports and normalizes the act of murder.”
In addition, the organization called “for legislators and medical care professionals to reject or limit physician assisted death laws where they are proposed, as well as to seek their limitation and repeal where they are already law.”
The RCA also warned that legalizing medically assisted suicide may drive clergy away from the health care industry due to a conflict between religious beliefs and civil law, and the legislation will be used to prey on vulnerable individuals.
The group’s executive vice president, Rabbi Mark Dratch, said that the timing of the announcement, which followed the Washington, D.C. government’s passage of the Death with Dignity Act, is purely coincidental.
Dratch said that RCA members voted on resolutions at the end of the summer, and the organization is gradually announcing each one, therefore the several month delay.
Washington, D.C., pushing its own Death with Dignity Act “only proves the importance of this issue and the necessity of the RCA voicing its opinion on the matter,” he said.
The RCA’s stance is popular among most Orthodox rabbis.
Jews oppose medically assisted suicide “as a default position. There are specific cases that need to be dealt with, but as a default position we oppose it and consider it murder,” said Rabbi Avidan Milevsky, part-time interim rabbi of the Kesher Israel synagogue in Georgetown.
Although traditional Judaism prohibits medically assisted suicide, Milevksy said, each situation is different and must dealt with on a case-by-case basis.
For example, the best end-of-life decisions for a terminally ill young person may not be suitable for an elderly person.
Maryland’s legislation and similar laws allow certain people with terminal illnesses to buy prescribed medication to end their own lives. Proponents of the legislation say it allows the terminally ill to die peacefully and on their own terms. Critics argue that some patients will be pressured into ending their lives by relatives or physicians.
In the Maryland General Assembly, Sen. Ronald Young (D-District 3) and Del. Shane Pendergrass (D-District 13) introduced the Richard E. Israel and Roger “Pip” Moyer End-of-Life Option Act in 2016. It received an unfavorable report in the Senate and was withdrawn.
Young said he will reintroduce the bill in the upcoming session with Sen. Guy Guzzone (D-District 13) as a co-sponsor; Pendergrass said she will also reintroduce the bill in the House. Despite a lack of changes in the bill, Pendergrass hopes people will change their minds.
“I think as people understand how [the Death with Dignity Act] works, people become more comfortable with it,” she said. “I’m hoping this is the year enough people do understand.”
One opponent Pendergrass and Guzzone may hear from this year is Rabbi Ariel Sadwin, director of Agudath Israel of Maryland. A registered lobbyist, Sadwin has opposed medically assisted suicide and argued against it in Annapolis.
“As much compassion as we have on those who are ill and suffering, to go ahead and say, ‘Sure, take your own life,’ there is no basis in Jewish law to say that is permissible,” he said.
In Washington, the D.C. Council in November voted 11-2 to pass the Death with Dignity Act of 2015. The bill was signed by Mayor Muriel Bowser last month.
On Jan. 6, the bill was transmitted to Congress, which can sign a joint resolution of disapproval if it chooses, a legislative process unique to the District of Columbia. If the president does not sign the resolution of disapproval before a 30-day deadline expires, the law will take effect in October.
In Pennsylvania’s General Assembly, Sen. Daylin Leach (D) has introduced medically assisted suicide bills several times since 2007, most recently with Sen. Lisa Boscola (D), but the bills have never made it out of preliminary committees.
The rabbis interviewed for this story are Orthodox, but views on medically assisted suicide do not change from one denomination to another. Both the Conservative movement’s Rabbinic Assembly and the Reform movement’s Central Conference of American Rabbis have previously made rulings on Jewish law that prohibit medically assisted suicide.
Even states whose populations seem to favor a death-with-dignity measure struggle to make it law.
A law allowing a terminally ill person to end his or own life saw its first legislative win in 1994 in Oregon. Oregonians later defeated an attempt to nullify the law in 1997. Since then a handful of states have followed, and most recently Colorado passed the law during the November elections.
States that have enacted a medically assisted suicide law or similar legislation include, in addition to Oregon, Washington (2008), Vermont (2013) and California (2016).
Montana has not enacted such a law, but the Montana Supreme Court ruled in 2009 that state law does not prohibit a physician from honoring a terminally ill patient’s request to end his or her life. Both proponents and foes of the law have attempted to pass legislation since then, but neither side has succeeded.
